Resveratrol Promotes Proliferation, Antioxidant Properties, and Progesterone Production in Yak (Bos grunniens) Granulosa Cells

Simple SummaryThe growth and development of follicles is a prerequisite for normal fertility in female animals. Granulosa cells, as an important component of the ovary, play a key role in follicular development, and their apoptosis is an important cause of follicular atresia. Resveratrol, as a common antioxidant, has various biological properties in animals in vitro and in vivo. However, the functional role of resveratrol in many aspects of yak granulosa cell activity remains unclear. Thus, we evaluated the effects of resveratrol on yak granulosa cell activity in vitro. The results showed that resveratrol when added at an appropriate concentration to the culture media of yak granulosa cells in vitro, could promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, enhance antioxidant properties, and promote lipid metabolism and the progesterone secretion of yak granulosa cells. This study provides some theoretical basis for research to further improve yak reproduction.AbstractResveratrol (RES) is a class of natural polyphenolic compounds known for its strong anti-apoptotic and antioxidant properties. Granulosa cells (GCs) are one of the important components of ovarian follicles and play crucial roles in follicular development of follicles in the ovary. Here, we explored the effects of RES on the proliferation and functions of yak GCs. Firstly, we evaluated the effect of RES dose and time in culture on the viability of GCs, and then the optimum treatment protocol (10 μM RES, 36 h) was selected to analyze the effects of RES on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lipid droplet content, ATP production, and steroidogenesis of GCs, as well as the expression of related genes. The results show that RES treatment significantly (1) increased cell viability and proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis by upregulatingBCL-2andSIRT1genes and downregulatingBAX,CASP3,P53, andKU70genes; (2) increased the proportion of GCs in the S phase and upregulatedCCND1,PCNA,CDK4, andCDK5genes; (3) reduced ROS accumulation and MDA content and increased GSH content, as well as upregulating the relative expression levels ofCAT,SOD2, andGPX1genes; (4) decreased lipid droplet content and increased ATP production; (5) promoted progesterone (P4) secretion and the expression of P4 synthesis-related genes (StAR,HSD3B1,andCYP11A1); and (6) inhibited E2 secretion andCYP19A1expression. These findings suggest that RES at 10 μM increases the proliferation and antioxidant properties, inhibits apoptosis, and promotes ATP production, lipid droplet consumption, and P4 secretion of yak GCs.Keywords:yak;resveratrol;granulosa cell;cell proliferation;antioxidant property;steroidogenesis

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