Apple polyphenol extract ameliorates sugary-diet-induced depression-like behaviors in male C57BL/6 mice by inhibiting inflammation of the gut-brain axis

To explore whether apple polyphenol extract (APE) ameliorates sugary-diet-induced depression-like behaviors, thirty male C57BL/6 mice (3-4 weeks old) were assigned to the three groups randomly to receive different treatment for 8 consecutive weeks: (1) Control group (CON); (2) S-HSD group (a 60% high sucrose diet feeding with 0.1mg/mL sucralose solution as drinking water); (3) S-APE group: S-HSD feeding with 500 mg/(kg·bw·day) APE solution gavage. The S-HSD group showed significant depression-like behaviors compared with the CON group, which manifested by an increased number of buried marbles in the marble burying test, the prolonged immobility time in both the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, and cognitive impairment based on Morris water maze test. However, APE intervention significantly improved the depression-like behaviors, reduced serum levels of corticosterone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and increased serum level of IL-10. Moreover, APE intervention inhibited activation of NF-κB inflammatory pathway and elevated colonic MUC-2 protein expression, also the elevated colonic and hippocampal tight junction proteins of Occludin and ZO-1. Furthermore, APE intervention increased the richness and diversity of gut microbiota by regulating the composition of microbiota, with increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, decreased relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota at the phylum level were obsereved, along with signficiantly lowered relative abundances of Akkermansia at the genus level, and rebalanced abnormal relative abundances of Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, and Lachnoclostridium induced by S-HSD feeding. Thus, our study supported the potential application of APE as a dietary intervention for ameliorating depression-like behavioral disorders.

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